Magnes » So 16. Mär 2014, 17:21 hat geschrieben:
Beleg dafür, dass Palästina vor 1948 ein Klasse-A-Mandat war und vorläufig als unabhängig anerkannt wurde:
Aus einer Veröffentlichung des Völkerbundes 1945:
"In a first group -- "A" Mandates (Syria and Lebanon, Palestine and Transjordan, and Iraq) -- the nation is provisionally recognised as independent, but receives the advice and assistance of a Mandatory in its administration until such time as it is able to stand alone."
http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/C61 ... D00058EE1B
Weitere Belege dafür, dass Palästina vor 1948 ein
Staat unter Mandat, bzw. ein "Mandatierter Staat" war:
Ich halte es daher wie der Vorsitzende der ständigen Mandatskommission des Völkerbundes, das es unnötig ist, diese Tatsache zu erörtern, 1937:
"Palestine, as the mandate clearly showed, was a subject under international law. While she could not conclude international conventions, the mandatory Power, until further notice, concluded them on her behalf, in virtue of Article 19 of the mandate. The mandate, in Article 7, obliged the Mandatory to enact a nationality law, which again showed that the
Palestinians formed a nation, and that Palestine was a State, though provisionally under guardianship.
It was, moreover, unnecessary to labour the point."
http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/FD0 ... ED0065DDF7
(Das ist nicht die englische Vergangenheitsform, sonderndie englische indirekte Rede, da es sich um ein Protokoll handelt)
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Aus dem Vertrag zwischen Frankreich und Großbritannien bezüglich der Grenzen der ZUKÜNFTIGEN Mandatsgebiete Syrien und Palästina ca. ein halbes Jahr, bevor das Mandat für Palästina in Kraft trat:
"His Britannic Majesty’s Ambassador, in addressing to his Excellency the President of the Council, Minister for Foreign Affairs, a copy of the report and of the maps annexed thereto, signed by Lieutenant-Colonel Newcombe, the British delegate,
whose signature equally binds the State under mandate, has the honour to inform him that His Britannic Majesty’s Government agree to ratify the proposals of the commission, and consider the present note as being equivalent to ratification."
"Le Ministère des Affaires étrangères, en adressant à Son Excellence l’Ambassadeur d’Angleterre à Paris un exemplaire du rapport et des cartes annexées signé par le lieutenant-colonel Paulet, délégué français,
dont la signature engage également l’Etat sous mandat, a l’honneur de lui faire savoir que le Gouvernement de la République accepte de ratifier les propositions de la Commission et considère la présente note comme valant ratification."
http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1924/24.pdf
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Fall Nr. 5 des damaligen internationalen Gerichtshofes. Die Frage war in den 1920ern, ob der Mandatar gegen Artikel 9 des Zusatzprotokolls des Vertrages von Lausanne verstieß.
Der Artikel lautete:
"In territories detached from Turkey under the Treaty of Peace signed this day,
the State which acquires the territory is fully subrogated as regards the rights and obligations of Turkey towards the nationals of the other Contracting Powers, and companies in which the capital of the nationals of the said Powers is preponderant, who are beneficiaries under concessionary contracts entered into before the 29th October, 1914, with the Ottoman Government or any local Ottoman authority."
http://www.mfa.gov.tr/xii_-protocol-rel ... ire.en.mfa
Der internationale Gerichtshof erklärt, dass in diesem Artikel die Rechte und Pflichten von
Nachfolgestaaten geregelt würden:
"... the Protocol ... lays down rules for the
subrogation of the successor States as regards the rights and obligations of the Turkish authorities."
http://www.icj-cij.org/pcij/serie_A/A_0 ... _Arret.pdf
Und und kommt zu dem Urteil, dass dies im Falle Palästinas zutrifft und Artikel 9 angewendet werden kann:
"[71]
The provision, therefore, contained in Article 9 of Protocol XII, to the effect that Palestine is subrogated as regards the rights and obligations of Turkey towards the nationals of contracting Powers other than Turkey, who are beneficiaries under the concessionary contracts entered into with the Ottoman authorities before October 29th, 1914,
is applicable to M. Mavrommatis' concession"
http://www.worldcourts.com/pcij/eng/dec ... mmatis.htm
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Der erste Generalstaatsanwalt Palästinas Norman Bentwich:
The Mandatory ... will be entrusted with the control of the foreign relations of the
Mandated State, and will have the right to afford diplomatic and consular protection to citizens of Palestine outside its territorial limits. Palestine will have a separate Government and form a separate national unity with its particular citizenship.
http://bcrfj.revues.org/index6405.html#tocto1n2
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Zur Staatsbürgerschaft Palästinas unter Mandat.
Zukünftige Staatsbürgerregelung in Artikel 30 des Vertrages von Lausanne:
"Turkish subjects habitually resident in territory which in accordance with the provisions of the present Treaty is detached from Turkey will become ipso facto, in the conditions laid down by the local law,
nationals of the State to which such territory is transferred"
http://www.mfa.gov.tr/lausanne-peace-tr ... ses.en.mfa
Forderung der Erlassung des Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetzes im Mandat:
"ART. 7. The Administration of Palestine shall be responsible for enacting a nationality law. There shall be included in this law provisions framed so as to facilitate the acquisition of Palestinian citizenship by Jews who take up their permanent residence in Palestine."
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/palmanda.asp
1:1 sinngemäße Umsetzung des Vertrages von Lauanne im Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetz Palästinas in 1925:
"Turkish citizens habitually resident in the territory of Palestine upon the 6th day of August 1924 shall become Palestinian citizens."
http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/418 ... AF00647CC7
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"
Decisions of international and national tribunals
The U.S. State Department Digest of International Law says that the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne provided for the application of the principles of state succession to the "A" Mandates.
The Treaty of Versailles (1920) provisionally recognized the former Ottoman communities as independent nations. It also required Germany to recognize the disposition of the former Ottoman territories and to recognize the new states laid down within their boundaries.
The Treaty of Lausanne required the newly created states that acquired the territory to pay annuities on the Ottoman public debt, and to assume responsibility for the administration of concessions that had been granted by the Ottomans. A dispute regarding the status of the territories was settled by an Arbitrator appointed by the Council of the League of Nations. It was decided that Palestine and Transjordan were newly created states according to the terms of the applicable post-war treaties.
In its Judgment No. 5, The Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions, the Permanent Court of International Justice also decided that Palestine was responsible as the successor state for concessions granted by Ottoman authorities.
The Courts of Palestine and Great Britain decided that title to the properties shown on the Ottoman Civil list had been ceded to the government of Palestine as an allied successor state"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_P ... _tribunals
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Hier kann man übrigens alle Verträge einsehen, die Palästina vor 1948 mit anderen Staaten hatte:
http://www.worldlii.org/cgi-bin/sinosrc ... ies/UNTSer